
It’s that fun time a year and a half after the actual census when substantial statistics on the country, cities and communities become readily available for the public – and organisations and Government alike – to analyse, interpret and discuss. The Australian Census data from the 2011 Census has finally come out for public dissemination which provides the perfect opportunity to look at some of the most interesting and enlightening data.
First, let’s look at the basic, fundamental data about Australia, its people, culture and population. The population of Australia as of the Census date – 9 August, 2011 – was 21,507,719 {which is estimated to have risen to 22,926,275 according to the Population clock as of 01:54:39 PM (Canberra time), 21 February, 2013}. The Census population of 21,507,719 marked a national increase of 8.3% from the 2006 Census. Out of the 21,507,719 people, 10,873,706 were female and 10,634,013 were male.
Western Australia experienced the largest increase of 14.3% from 2006 Census, followed by Queensland with 11.0%, Australian Capital Territory 10.2%, Northern Territory 9.9%, Victoria 8.5%, New South Wales 5.6%, South Australia 5.4%, and lastly, Tasmania with an increase of 4.0% between the 2006 and 2011 Censuses.
Meanwhile, out of the State capitals, between the 2006 and 2011 Censuses, Perth received the largest increase in population of 14.3%, Darwin was next with an increase of 13.8%, followed by Brisbane with 11.5%, Canberra 10.3%, Melbourne 9.7%, Sydney 6.6%, Adelaide 5.9%, and lastly Hobart with a 5.0% increase.
The largest Australian State by population was New South Wales with a population of 6,917,656 people, followed by Victoria with 5,354,400 people, then Queensland with 4,332,737, Western Australia 2,239,171, South Australia 1,596,570, Tasmania 495,351, Australian Capital Territory 357,218, and lastly the Northern Territory with 211,943 people recorded in the 2011 Census.
The largest Australian urban centre by population was Greater Sydney (inc. the Central Coast) with 4,391,673 people recorded, followed by Melbourne with 3,999,980 people, then Brisbane (inc. Ipswich & Logan) with 2,065,998, Perth 1,728,865, Adelaide 1,225,235, Gold Coast-Tweed Heads 557,822, Canberra-Queanbeyan 391,345, Newcastle & Lake Macquarie 342,605, Sunshine Coast 306,909, and Illawarra (inc. Wollongong) with 275,983 people.
The most common ancestry in the 2011 Census was English (with 7,238,531 responses), followed by Australian (7,098,478), Irish (2,087,758), Other, Scottish, Not Stated, Italian, German and Chinese. Note: Respondents could list up to two separate responses for ancestry.
The most common languages spoken at home were English (with 16,509,290 people speaking English only at home), followed by Chinese languages with 651,328 speakers (of which 336,410 spoke Mandarin and 263,675 spoke Cantonese), then Indo-Aryan languages with 382,844 speakers (of which 111,352 spoke Hindi), followed by Italian with 299,833 speakers, and next Arabic with 287,178 speakers.
One thing I did find interesting however was the variance in the second most spoken language at home across Australian capital cities which reflects the demographic composition of each city, the successive waves of immigration and which emigrant groups tended to migrate where at what point in history. For example, according to census data, the second most spoken language in Sydney is Arabic; whereas in Brisbane it is Mandarin; in Melbourne & Darwin it is Greek; while in Adelaide & Perth it is Italian. That’s substantial variance across Australian capitals and not only partially illustrates the prominent ethnic groups in each city but when immigration was at its relative peak.
Where Melbourne, Perth, Adelaide and Darwin have large numbers of Italian and Greek speakers there’s been relatively small migration from Italy and Greece since the post-War Boom running up until the early 1970′s which suggests a lot of Italian and Greek speakers in these cities are either aging, long settled first-generation migrants or established second-, third- and even fourth-generation descendants of Italian and Greek speaking migrants.
Meanwhile, large scale migration of Arabic-speaking individuals only commenced from the mid-1970′s onwards, peaking in the last two decades, revealing a generally younger ethnic base and that large scale immigration of Arabic speakers is still occurring in Sydney, perhaps more so than elsewhere – leading to the perception that Sydney is similar to New York, often a gateway for new migrants to the country who may or may not move elsewhere once they or their children (or their children) are established in the country.
Likewise, Brisbane’s second most common language is Mandarin. Whilst, Chinese migration has been evident in Australia since the Gold Rush of the 1850′s, the vast majority of the established Chinese-Australian community are of southern Chinese descent speaking mostly Cantonese and to a lesser degree, Hakka. More recent Cantonese and Hakka speakers have also arrived in Australia since the 1980′s, in no small part due to the handover of Hong Kong to Chinese governance in 1997. Whereas, migration of Mandarin-speaking Chinese is relatively a much more recent phenomena starting with Taiwanese migrants in the 1970′s and peaking in the last two decades with large scale migration from Mandarin-speaking parts of mainland China.
The Census revealed there are 548,371 people who are Indigenous Australians, which equals 2.55% of the population. 15,017,845 of Australians were born in Australia, followed by 1,101,085 born in the UK, 483,397 born in New Zealand, 318,969 born in China (excluding Hong Kong & Macau), and 295,362 people born in India.1,195,728 people did not state their place of birth.
13,150,673 Australians profess Christianity as their religion (of which 5,439,268 are Catholic and 3,679,907 are Anglican), 528,977 Australians are Buddhist, 476,291 are Muslim observants, 97,355 are Jewish, 168,193 people stated observing other religions including Australian Aboriginal Traditional Religions, and 4,796,785 people stated No Religion. 1,839,649 people did not state their religious affiliation. (Religion is the only optional Census question), and a further 174,282 people stated they observe other religious affiliations not listed on the Census.
Other interesting tidbits:
- There were 7,760,322 occupied dwellings recorded in Australia
- More dwellings own two or vehicles than one or none
- The most common weekly household income is between $1,500 and $1,999
- The vast majority of Australians (16,169,014) still leave in a detached house
- 934,470 owned dwellings were not occupied
- Nearly half (8,188,615) of the 16,634,724 Australians over the age of 15 have completed at least Year 12 or equivalent
- And, lastly 10,058,326 of the 16,634,724 Australians over 15 are employed.













